Writer

Frederik Kiel

Co-founder of Repax.io

frederik kiel

Latest writing

Recent posts by Frederik

11 min

What is GPSR and who does it apply to?

Since December 2024, every product sold to consumers in the EU has had to meet one safety law, and a seller outside the EU needs a company inside it to answer for the goods. This guide explains what GPSR requires, which products it covers, who can act as your EU responsible person and the six duties it puts on a manufacturer.

Read

EPR statistics & facts · 8 min

How much waste does France produce? Statistics & Facts (2026)

France is estimated to generate about 343.8 million tonnes of waste in 2026, level with the 343.2 million Eurostat last measured in 2022, the second-largest total in the EU. Below are the figures year by year, what the waste is made of, how much of it is packaging, and where France stands on the EU recycling targets.

Read

EPR essentials · 10 min

How to register for EPR in Italy in 2026

Italy registers electronics and batteries with the state and packaging through CONAI, a private consortium. Below are the six steps to get into the Registro AEE, the Registro Pile and CONAI in the right order, with who files each one and what each makes due next.

Read

EPR essentials · 10 min

How to register for EPR in Germany in 2026

Germany runs three producer registers for the streams most producers trigger, and it gives three different answers to who may file each one from abroad. Below are the six steps to get registered in LUCID and with stiftung ear in the right order, with what each register asks for and what each one makes due next.

Read

EPR statistics & facts · 10 min

How much waste does Tesla produce? Statistics & Facts (2026)

Factory waste at Tesla reached 670,209 tonnes in 2025 on the company's own figures, close to double the 2023 total. Below, that record is set out year by year with where the waste went, why one year nearly doubled it, and the yardstick Tesla stopped printing.

Read

ISO standards · 9 min

ISO 14004 and implementing an environmental management system

An environmental management system is only as good as the manual its builders had in front of them, and for most teams that manual is ISO 14004. Below is what the 2016 edition explains clause by clause, why it still points at the 2015 rulebook, and where a producer's EPR duties fit inside it.

Read

ISO standards · 8 min

What does ISO 14046 require for a water footprint?

A water footprint under ISO 14046 has to be an impact result, not a count of litres, and most of them need a qualifier in front of the name as well. Below is what the 2014 standard actually requires, from the four phases of an assessment to the point where it stops and the labelling rules take over.

Read

ISO standards · 9 min

How does ISO/TS 14029 let one EPD count in two programmes?

An environmental product declaration verified under one programme does not automatically count under another. ISO/TS 14029 is the 2022 ISO technical specification that sets out how two EPD or footprint communication programmes formally recognise each other's work, so a declaration can be accepted elsewhere without being verified a second time.

Read

ISO standards · 9 min

How does ISO 14051 material flow cost accounting work?

ISO 14051 puts a price on the materials that leave a business as waste instead of as product, and in the standard's own worked example that price is nearly eight times the disposal bill. Published in 2011, it is the international framework for material flow cost accounting.

Read