Extended producer responsibility (EPR) waste streams overview

One product can trigger several EPR obligations at once. Every waste stream carries its own registration, reporting and fees: packaging, electronics, batteries, textiles and 12 more. Start with what you place on the market.

16 waste streams 31 countries 46 producer registers

The system

How EPR waste streams work

A waste stream is a product category
Each waste stream defines what counts as that waste, who is obligated and what you report. Selling packaged electronics with a battery puts you in three waste streams, not one.
Rules come from three places
EU directives set the frame for packaging, electronics, batteries, single-use plastics, vehicles and textiles. Where no directive exists, national laws fill the gap (tyres, waste oils). And some countries add waste streams of their own, like France's AGEC filières for toys, furniture and DIY products.
The same waste stream changes by country
A directive tells countries what to achieve, not how. Registration, thresholds, report cadence and fees differ in every market, so packaging in Germany and packaging in France are two different jobs.
National registers track the producers
Before selling into a market you register there and get a producer ID that authorities and marketplaces check. Some countries split registers by waste stream, like Germany. Others run one register for every waste stream, like Denmark's DPA.

Directory

Pick your waste stream

Every guide covers what counts, who is obligated and where the rules apply.

EU-wide waste streams · 6
National and emerging waste streams · 10
Boats Boat EPR exists in exactly one market: France. Since 2019, anyone professionally placing recreational or sport boats on the French market funds their end-of-life dismantling through the APER scheme. Construction materials Construction EPR is rare and split. France runs the broadest scheme, covering building products and materials since 2023. Greece has made contractors manage construction and demolition waste since 2010, and the Netherlands covers flat glass. DIY and garden DIY and garden products have EPR in one market: France. The filière ABJ has run since February 2022, unusually split across four eco-organismes depending on the product family. Fishing gear Fishing gear containing plastic is the Single-Use Plastics Directive's other half. Member states had to have producer schemes in place by 31 December 2024, and 15 European markets are active today, with nine more running partial duties. Furniture France is the only market with full furniture EPR, running since December 2012. Around it, partial schemes cover mattresses and wooden furniture, and Spain, Belgium and Greece have draft laws in motion. Graphic paper Graphic paper EPR covers the paper that is not packaging: newspapers, magazines, office and advertising paper. Five European markets run schemes today, each drawing the line differently, and Malta has a draft in consultation. Sports and leisure Sports and leisure gear has EPR in one market: France. Since January 2022 the filière ASL, run by Ecologic, covers sports equipment placed on the French market. Greece lists sports equipment for a future scheme. Toys Toy EPR exists in one market: France. Since April 2022, anyone professionally placing toys on the French market pays into the filière jouets run by Ecomaison. Greece has pencilled toys into its framework law, with no scheme yet. Tyres No EU directive mandates tyre EPR, yet 25 European markets run schemes anyway. Each grew from national law, so producer definitions, fees and even what counts as a tyre change at every border. Waste oils Lubricant EPR has no EU directive behind it. Twelve European markets built their own regimes for motor and industrial oils, from classic PRO schemes to eco-taxes, and three more run partial duties.
EPR by country Same waste streams, different rules. See what each of the 31 countries regulates.

Why EPR is organised by waste stream

Extended producer responsibility makes the company that places a product on the market pay for its end of life. What you pay for depends on what the product becomes as waste. A phone in a box is future electronic waste, future packaging waste and a future spent battery, so the law splits it into waste streams and regulates each one separately.

That split is why EPR feels bigger than it first looks. Registering for packaging does not cover your electronics. Reporting electronics does not cover the battery inside them. Each waste stream brings its own data format and deadlines, and in many countries its own register.

One product, several waste streams

Most producers trigger more than one waste stream. An electronics brand hits packaging, WEEE and batteries with a single product. A furniture maker selling into France adds the furniture filière on top of packaging. The waste stream guides above show what counts, who is obligated and in which countries the rules apply.

Where to start

Start from your catalog, not from the law. List what you place on each market, match every product against the waste streams above, and check each waste stream's country rules for the markets you sell into. That mapping decides every registration and report that follows.

Turn one product spec into any EPR report

Spec your products once. Repax generates the format each register and scheme asks for, whatever waste stream you trigger.

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