Glossary

The greenhouse effect warms Earth naturally by trapping heat with gases like CO2. Human actions add more gases, causing extra warming and climate change. Reducing emissions helps protect our planet.

A circular supply chain keeps materials moving by reusing, repairing, and recycling products, cutting waste and saving resources. It’s a smart way to protect nature and build a sustainable future.

Industrial symbiosis helps industries share waste and resources, cutting pollution, saving money, and boosting circular economy efforts by turning waste into new opportunities.

A system boundary in LCA sets clear limits on which product stages and processes to study, helping focus on key environmental impacts and making the analysis manageable and transparent.

CDP helps companies and cities measure, share, and improve their environmental impact, promoting transparency, reducing emissions, and supporting a circular, sustainable future.

The EU ETS limits emissions by setting a cap and allowing companies to trade allowances. It cuts greenhouse gases by 50% since 2005 and funds green projects, driving cleaner tech and a greener economy.

EXPRA is a nonprofit alliance of 37 packaging recycling groups from 31 countries, promoting Extended Producer Responsibility to boost recycling, reduce waste, and support the circular economy.

Climate positive means removing more carbon than we emit, helping the planet by cutting emissions, using renewables, planting trees, and supporting circular economy principles.

The UN Global Compact helps businesses act responsibly by following 10 principles on human rights, labor, environment, and anti-corruption, promoting a fairer, greener, and more ethical world.